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The First Carnatic State of war (1746–1748) was the Indian theatre of the War of the Austrian Succession and the showtime of a series of Carnatic Wars that established early British dominance on the east declension of the Indian subcontinent. In this disharmonize the British and French East India Companies vied with each other on land for control of their respective trading posts at Madras, Pondicherry, and Cuddalore, while naval forces of France and Britain engaged each other off the declension. The war set the stage for the rapid growth of French hegemony in southern India under the command of French Governor-General Joseph François Dupleix in the 2nd Carnatic State of war.

Course of the war [edit]

In 1720 France finer nationalised the French E India Visitor, and began using information technology to expand its regal interests. This became a source of conflict with the British in India with the entry of Britain into the War of the Austrian Succession in 1744.^[1] Hostilities in India began with a British naval attack on a French fleet in 1745, which led the French Governor-General Dupleix to request additional forces.^[2] This resulted in the despatch of a fleet under La Bourdonnais that arrived in 1746. In July of that twelvemonth La Bourdonnais and British Admiral Edward Peyton fought an indecisive action off Negapatam, after which La Bourdonnais put in at Pondicherry for repairs and strategising with Dupleix. The fleets met again on 19 Baronial, but Peyton refused boxing, recognising that La Bourdonnais had acquired additional guns at Pondicherry, and retreated to Bengal. On 4 September 1746, La Bourdonnais led an set on on Madras. Subsequently several days of bombardment the British surrendered and the French entered the city.^[3] The British leadership was taken prisoner and sent to Pondicherry. Information technology was originally agreed that the town would be restored to the British after negotiation but this was opposed by Dupleix, who sought to addendum Madras to French holdings.^[4] The remaining British residents were asked to have an oath promising not to take up arms against the French; a handful refused, among them a young Robert Clive, and were kept under weak guard equally the French prepared to destroy the fort. Disguising themselves every bit natives, Clive and three others eluded their inattentive lookout man, slipped out of the fort, and made their way to Fort St. David (the British post at Cuddalore), some 110 miles (180 km) to the south.^{[5] [6]} Dupleix, in the meantime, had before the attack promised to plough over Fort St. George to the Nawab of the Carnatic Anwaruddin Khan, but refused to do so.

Anwaruddin responded by sending a ten,000-man army to take the fort from Dupleix by forcefulness. Dupleix, who had lost the back up of La Bourdonnais over the condition of Madras, had just 930 French troops. In the Boxing of Adyar this modest forcefulness successfully repulsed the attacks of Anwaruddin's army.

Dupleix then launched an set on on Fort St. David. Stung by his defeat at Adyar, Anwaruddin sent his son Muhammed Ali to aid the British in the defence of Cuddalore, and was instrumental in belongings off a French attack in December 1746. Over the next few months Anwaruddin and Dupleix had made peace, and the Carnatic troops were withdrawn.

The French, under the command of De Brurie, launched another attempt to take Fort St. David, forcing the British defenders inside the fort's walls. The timely counterattack past the British and the Nawab, however, turned the tables and prompted the French to withdraw to Pondicherry.^[vii]

In 1748 Major Stringer Lawrence arrived to take control of the British troops at Fort St. David.^[8] With the arrival of reinforcements from Europe, the British besieged Pondicherry in late 1748. Clive distinguished himself in successfully defending a trench against a French sortie: 1 witness of the action wrote "[Clive'due south] platoon, animated by his exhortation, fired once again with new courage and bully vivacity upon the enemy."^[ix] The siege was lifted in October 1748 with the inflow of the monsoons, and the war came to a conclusion with the arrival in December of news of the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. Under its terms Madras was returned to British control.

Consequences [edit]

The power of a small number of heavily-trained French and French trained Indian troops over larger Indian formations using older military tactics was not lost on Joseph Dupleix, and over the next several years he capitalised on this advantage to greatly expand French influence in south India. In the Second Carnatic War (1748–1754) he took reward of struggles for succession to the Nizam of Hyderabad and Nawab of the Carnatic to institute strong French influence over a number of states in due south Bharat. The British East India Company, in dissimilarity, did little to aggrandize its own influence and only weakly attempted to oppose Dupleix's expansive activities. Robert Clive recognised that this threatened the entire livelihood of the Company in the area, and in 1751 engaged in a series of celebrated military exploits that cemented British control over Madras by the finish of that disharmonize. There were no territorial gains for either the British or the French and the former territories were restored to these 2 parties.^[10] The war had also enhanced the prestige of the French in the Carnatic Region.^[x]

Naval Forces [edit]

French Royal Navy [edit]

The French naval squadron in the East Indies during the war included:^[11]

• Commander, Bertrand-François Mahé, Comte de La Bourdonnais
• Original Squadron
  • Achille (74 guns, simply lxx guns on-send)
  • Duc d'Orléans (56 guns, just 36 guns on-ship)
  • Bourbon (56 guns, merely 34 guns on-ship)
  • Neptune (54 guns, only 34 guns on-send)
  • Phoenix (54 guns, merely 34 guns on-ship)
  • Sainte-Louis (44 guns, merely 30 guns on-ship)
  • Lys (twoscore guns, only 28 guns on-send)
  • Insulaire (30 guns, simply 26 guns on-ship)
• Joining in September
  • Centaure (74 guns)
  • Mars (56 guns)
  • Brillant (fifty guns)

British Royal Navy [edit]

The British naval squadron in the E Indies during the state of war included:^[12]

• Commander, Rear-admiral of the Cherry-red Thomas Griffin
• HMS Princess Mary (sixty guns)
• HMS Medway (lx guns)
• HMS Exeter (60 guns)
• HMS York (60 guns)
• HMS Winchester (l guns)
• HMS Harwich (fifty guns)
• HMS Preston (50 guns)
• HMS Eltham (xl guns)
• HMS Pearl (forty guns)
• HMS Medway'due south Prize (xl guns)
• HMS Lively (twenty guns)

Notes [edit]

1. ^ Harvey (1998), p. thirty
2. ^ Harvey (1998), p. 31
3. ^ Malleson, p. 35
4. ^ Harvey (1998), pp. 31–34
5. ^ Malleson, p. 38
6. ^ Harvey (1998), pp. 35–36
7. ^ Naravane, M.Due south. (2014). Battles of the Honorourable East Bharat Company. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. pp. 152–154. ISBN9788131300343.
8. ^ Harvey (1998), p. 41
9. ^ Harvey (1998), p. 42
10. ^ ^{a b} Basu, Sucharita (2019). Frank Modern Document History and Civics. Noida: Frank Bros. and Co. p. 49. ISBN978-9386811295.
11. ^ George Nafziger, French Squadron in the Due east Indies 1746, The states Regular army Combined Artillery Eye.
12. ^ George Nafziger, Royal Navy Squadron in the East Indies 1747 , United States Army Combined Arms Centre.

References [edit]

• Harvey, Robert. Clive: The life and Expiry of a British Emperor. Hodder and Stoughton, 1988.
• Malleson, George (1893). Lord Clive. Oxford: Clarendon Press. OCLC 2143228.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Carnatic_War

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